the Northern Kingdom, such as Hosea and the Elohist stratum of the Pentateuch, suggest the possibility that some of its traditions and materials originated there (see Weinfeld, pp. 366–370). If so, they are likely to have come into Judah in the eighth century, coinciding with the book’s first stages in the eighth and seventh centuries. The many connections between Deuteronomy and the reform of Josiah depicted in Second Kings suggest that the time of Josiah and the events that followed his reign may